Fred Martinez
The Modern Two Spirit World
After years of assimilation from Western European culture, the Two Spirit people who were once seen as shining light in the Native American community are now arguably one of the most marginalized groups in all of the Americas.
Below is the trailer for a heart wrenching documentary that tells the story of what it means to be a modern Two Spirit person through the case study of Fred Martinez a Two Spirit person brutally murdered in Cortez, Colorado.http://www.youtube.com/ watch?feature=player_embedd ed&v=lpKaP6-1Bus
Fred was murdered June 16th 2001 and was not found for 5 days. His mother was not contacted by the police in June 25th after days of calling the department and filing a missing persons case. Fred's attack was not ruled a hate crime because at the time in Colorado an attack on a person based on gender identity or gender expression was not considered a hate crime.
Fred's story is too real for far too many folks within the Native American community. The lack of acceptance he experienced as a gay Two Spirited individual is something this community is dealing with everyday.
Since the colonization of the Americas native peoples have not only had their land and water stolen from them but also their culture. The case of Two Spirit people is an example of this. In 2006 it was recorded that Two Spirited youths have fair higher risk of suicide than any other group in the Americas. This group is continuing to be neglected. There is little to no research or literature that exists about GLBTQIA identified Native folks and their heightened risk, almost every case (including Fred's) is linked to the native and person of color status totally neglecting their gender identity or sexual orientation in the case. As Western European Christian ideology was forced on Native culture Two Spirit people slowly began to loose their status.
As a queer identified mixed race man (being White and Cree American Indian) I can speak first hand to this lack of support from both within the native community and outside. The love for Two Spirit folks is something that has been stolen from our culture. Often times folks who identify this way are seen as going against tradition or bringing the wrong type of attention to the community. The hardest part about this is the fact that our history is so deeply rooted in an appreciation for Two Spirited folks and this is something that is evident when speaking to elders. It is the younger generations of Native folks who have been indoctrinated to believe the gender identity that are furthering this oppression within the community.
The stories of folks like Fred cannot go untold. It is important that all people no matter how the identify know about the history of acceptance towards Two Spirited folks and work to bring that back. We can no longer think that gender identity falls into two categories and that is how it has always been because that is not the case and that thought process is what has made Two Spirit folks one of the most oppressed communities in all of the Americas with the highest suicide rates, high rates of alcoholism, drug use, diabetes, and one of the highest rates of depression (all of these are already high in Native American communities but are unfortunately even higher in among these folks).
Written by Corey Wiggins
http:// embracingtwospirit.blogspot .com/2011/04/ modern-two-spirit-world.htm l
Fred was murdered June 16th 2001 and was not found for 5 days. His mother was not contacted by the police in June 25th after days of calling the department and filing a missing persons case. Fred's attack was not ruled a hate crime because at the time in Colorado an attack on a person based on gender identity or gender expression was not considered a hate crime.
Fred's story is too real for far too many folks within the Native American community. The lack of acceptance he experienced as a gay Two Spirited individual is something this community is dealing with everyday.
Since the colonization of the Americas native peoples have not only had their land and water stolen from them but also their culture. The case of Two Spirit people is an example of this. In 2006 it was recorded that Two Spirited youths have fair higher risk of suicide than any other group in the Americas. This group is continuing to be neglected. There is little to no research or literature that exists about GLBTQIA identified Native folks and their heightened risk, almost every case (including Fred's) is linked to the native and person of color status totally neglecting their gender identity or sexual orientation in the case. As Western European Christian ideology was forced on Native culture Two Spirit people slowly began to loose their status.
As a queer identified mixed race man (being White and Cree American Indian) I can speak first hand to this lack of support from both within the native community and outside. The love for Two Spirit folks is something that has been stolen from our culture. Often times folks who identify this way are seen as going against tradition or bringing the wrong type of attention to the community. The hardest part about this is the fact that our history is so deeply rooted in an appreciation for Two Spirited folks and this is something that is evident when speaking to elders. It is the younger generations of Native folks who have been indoctrinated to believe the gender identity that are furthering this oppression within the community.
The stories of folks like Fred cannot go untold. It is important that all people no matter how the identify know about the history of acceptance towards Two Spirited folks and work to bring that back. We can no longer think that gender identity falls into two categories and that is how it has always been because that is not the case and that thought process is what has made Two Spirit folks one of the most oppressed communities in all of the Americas with the highest suicide rates, high rates of alcoholism, drug use, diabetes, and one of the highest rates of depression (all of these are already high in Native American communities but are unfortunately even higher in among these folks).
Written by Corey Wiggins
http://
1. The side of the good and the bad
2. The side where you sometimes have to fake it to make it, put on a brave face, be it at work or where ever, then you have the side where you want the ME TIME/TIME OUT, where you can let your emotions down in your own space for REAL..
The Story of the Snow Man
(Menominee Legend)
Once there was a hunter who with his family lived in a lodge apart from the other lodges of his village. And why he lived apart was this:—
— with Lisa Burkhart.(Menominee Legend)
Once there was a hunter who with his family lived in a lodge apart from the other lodges of his village. And why he lived apart was this:—
One day in the early Spring he was hunting in the woods. The Sun shone warmly, and the snow was melting. As he walked along he heard the lumps of snow go "Snip! Snap!" with a zipping sound.
"Ah! Ha! Master Snow," laughed he, "so you are afraid of the Sun, are you!"
Immediately a voice replied: "Oh, you need not speak that way to me! I come because I am sent by my master the North; he tells me to stay only a little while, and I must obey him. The Sun helps me to disappear. But since you have made fun of me, I will put you to a test. NEXT WINTER, BEWARE!"
The hunter stopped, stared, and listened, but did not see any one. And as he turned to hurry away from the spot, he heard the voice say again: "We shall see who is the greater, you or I! NEXT WINTER, BEWARE!"
The man was frightened out of his senses, and ran home with all speed, and when he reached his lodge in the village, he told his wife and children all about it. After that he went to the next lodge, where lived a very old man together with some ancients, and told them what had happened.
"If you heard the Snow Man speak," said the ancients, "what he said he will do, that he will do!"
But the old man said: "It is no wonder that the Snow Man was angry with you if you made fun of his melting away. But since he has made a wager with you, my Grandson, you must be ready to meet him next Winter. Indeed, all your time from now on must be spent in getting ready."
"What shall I do to get ready?" asked the hunter.
"You must begin now," said the old man, "to kill Deer, Bear, Buffalo, and all other large creatures that you can find. You must press out their fat and oil, and put it all in skin bags. You must also fill some bags with pitch. Then you must cut and lay aside a great deal of gummy wood full of knots. After that you must build yourself a lodge apart from every one, with a door to the south. Take Pine pitch and fill up all the cracks in the walls, and hang a closely braided mat before the door, so that nothing can get through. Inside you must build a fireplace with a small smoke-hole. Then carry into the lodge your supply of wood and the skins full of fat, oil, and pitch. You will need all you can get, for the contest will be long and hard."
"All right, Grandfather," said the hunter. And the poor fellow immediately fell to work, and spent the whole Summer and Autumn hunting by night, and cutting wood and preparing the other things by day. He made a great quantity of grease and tallow cakes and bars of all sizes, and filled skin bags with oil and pitch. And he built his lodge as the old man had told him to do.
Well, as Winter approached, the hunter trembled with fear, and bidding his family good-bye, entered the lodge and shut himself in. At first he made only a little fire, but by and by, as the cold increased, he heaped on more wood.
One night a fierce wind arose, and tore around outside the lodge, shrieking, "Boo-oo-oo-oo!"
"He is coming, now!" thought the hunter. But no one came.
Then the wind blew and blew and blew,&$8212;"Boo-ooo-oo-oo -oo-oooooo!"—and the hunter felt himself getting very cold, so he made a rousing fire. The trees and bushes outside snapped and cracked louder and louder, as the wind tore through them. "He is surely coming, now!" thought the hunter. But no one came.
The hunter stirred the fire, and the cold grew worse and worse, and the wind howled and shrieked, and tore the trees apart. "I wonder what he looks like," thought the hunter. But no one came.
The time seemed very short, but it was already Mid-Winter, and the hunter did not know it!
Well, at last he saw him. In the tightly pitched and chinked lodge, with its closely woven mat over the door, a Manlike-Object-of-Snow walked about. It passed close to the hunter, and at the same moment its icy breath filled the lodge, and the fire began to go out.
But the hunter rose up, and threw on more wood keeping back the better sort. The Manlike-Object-of-Snow sat down opposite him, and stared at him with its icy eyes. The lodge grew colder and colder, and the hunter shook in every limb, and the fire shrank and almost went out. But the hunter remembered what the old man had said, and he piled on more wood.
The time seemed very short, but the Winter was almost over, and the hunter did not know it!
After that he felt his limbs getting numb, so he piled on the best wood, and stirred the fire, and the flames sprang up and threw out heat. And the Snow Man groaned. Then the hunter began to throw the grease and tallow on the flames, and they shot up and blazed and sputtered, and threw out a fearful heat. And the Snow Man groaned again, but still he sat there with his icy stare, and his breath numbed the hunter's limbs.
The time seemed very short, but Winter was just over, and the hunter did not know it!
At last the man began to throw on the pitch, and piled up his largest logs, and the Snow Man groaned horribly, and grew smaller and smaller, and gasped and groaned again. Then the hunter poured on the oil, and soon only a little lump of ice lay where the Snow Man had sat. At that a voice cried out:—
"Ho, my Grandson! You have conquered! You are greater than I, so I give up to you!"
But the man did not stop. He continued to pour on his oil, and throw on the pitch, and heap on wood; and the Snow Man cried:—
"Oh, stop, my Grandson! I have spoken the truth. I will return to the North where I have power. And you shall live in this lodge, and become a great hunter. Your wife and children may always go barefooted in the snow, and I will not hurt them. Your name from now on shall be 'The-Man-who-Mastered-the- Winter.' "
Then the Snow Man disappeared, and the hunter lifted the mat at the door. And, lo, the Sun shone, the grass was green, the flowers were blooming, the birds were singing, for Winter was gone and the Springtime was there!
"Ah! Ha! Master Snow," laughed he, "so you are afraid of the Sun, are you!"
Immediately a voice replied: "Oh, you need not speak that way to me! I come because I am sent by my master the North; he tells me to stay only a little while, and I must obey him. The Sun helps me to disappear. But since you have made fun of me, I will put you to a test. NEXT WINTER, BEWARE!"
The hunter stopped, stared, and listened, but did not see any one. And as he turned to hurry away from the spot, he heard the voice say again: "We shall see who is the greater, you or I! NEXT WINTER, BEWARE!"
The man was frightened out of his senses, and ran home with all speed, and when he reached his lodge in the village, he told his wife and children all about it. After that he went to the next lodge, where lived a very old man together with some ancients, and told them what had happened.
"If you heard the Snow Man speak," said the ancients, "what he said he will do, that he will do!"
But the old man said: "It is no wonder that the Snow Man was angry with you if you made fun of his melting away. But since he has made a wager with you, my Grandson, you must be ready to meet him next Winter. Indeed, all your time from now on must be spent in getting ready."
"What shall I do to get ready?" asked the hunter.
"You must begin now," said the old man, "to kill Deer, Bear, Buffalo, and all other large creatures that you can find. You must press out their fat and oil, and put it all in skin bags. You must also fill some bags with pitch. Then you must cut and lay aside a great deal of gummy wood full of knots. After that you must build yourself a lodge apart from every one, with a door to the south. Take Pine pitch and fill up all the cracks in the walls, and hang a closely braided mat before the door, so that nothing can get through. Inside you must build a fireplace with a small smoke-hole. Then carry into the lodge your supply of wood and the skins full of fat, oil, and pitch. You will need all you can get, for the contest will be long and hard."
"All right, Grandfather," said the hunter. And the poor fellow immediately fell to work, and spent the whole Summer and Autumn hunting by night, and cutting wood and preparing the other things by day. He made a great quantity of grease and tallow cakes and bars of all sizes, and filled skin bags with oil and pitch. And he built his lodge as the old man had told him to do.
Well, as Winter approached, the hunter trembled with fear, and bidding his family good-bye, entered the lodge and shut himself in. At first he made only a little fire, but by and by, as the cold increased, he heaped on more wood.
One night a fierce wind arose, and tore around outside the lodge, shrieking, "Boo-oo-oo-oo!"
"He is coming, now!" thought the hunter. But no one came.
Then the wind blew and blew and blew,&$8212;"Boo-ooo-oo-oo
The hunter stirred the fire, and the cold grew worse and worse, and the wind howled and shrieked, and tore the trees apart. "I wonder what he looks like," thought the hunter. But no one came.
The time seemed very short, but it was already Mid-Winter, and the hunter did not know it!
Well, at last he saw him. In the tightly pitched and chinked lodge, with its closely woven mat over the door, a Manlike-Object-of-Snow walked about. It passed close to the hunter, and at the same moment its icy breath filled the lodge, and the fire began to go out.
But the hunter rose up, and threw on more wood keeping back the better sort. The Manlike-Object-of-Snow sat down opposite him, and stared at him with its icy eyes. The lodge grew colder and colder, and the hunter shook in every limb, and the fire shrank and almost went out. But the hunter remembered what the old man had said, and he piled on more wood.
The time seemed very short, but the Winter was almost over, and the hunter did not know it!
After that he felt his limbs getting numb, so he piled on the best wood, and stirred the fire, and the flames sprang up and threw out heat. And the Snow Man groaned. Then the hunter began to throw the grease and tallow on the flames, and they shot up and blazed and sputtered, and threw out a fearful heat. And the Snow Man groaned again, but still he sat there with his icy stare, and his breath numbed the hunter's limbs.
The time seemed very short, but Winter was just over, and the hunter did not know it!
At last the man began to throw on the pitch, and piled up his largest logs, and the Snow Man groaned horribly, and grew smaller and smaller, and gasped and groaned again. Then the hunter poured on the oil, and soon only a little lump of ice lay where the Snow Man had sat. At that a voice cried out:—
"Ho, my Grandson! You have conquered! You are greater than I, so I give up to you!"
But the man did not stop. He continued to pour on his oil, and throw on the pitch, and heap on wood; and the Snow Man cried:—
"Oh, stop, my Grandson! I have spoken the truth. I will return to the North where I have power. And you shall live in this lodge, and become a great hunter. Your wife and children may always go barefooted in the snow, and I will not hurt them. Your name from now on shall be 'The-Man-who-Mastered-the-
Then the Snow Man disappeared, and the hunter lifted the mat at the door. And, lo, the Sun shone, the grass was green, the flowers were blooming, the birds were singing, for Winter was gone and the Springtime was there!
I r
ealized it was unlikely she would find a forever home that could offer her the love and attention I knew I could give her having become an expert on dealing with DM. We continued to go out for our walks every day, which seemed to get shorter and shorter as her disease progressed. I spent countless dollars on booties to prevent the scraping of her knuckles and to keep her mobile, until one day an acquaintance we had met at the local dog park offered to loan us a doggy wheelchair. It was a little big for her, but given my limited student budget, it was better than nothing at all. Friends helped me rig it so that it fit in all the right places and off we went. Not only did she live for another 6 months, she thrived! Not only could we go on long walks, we were also able to go on hikes in the nearby conservation area and even play fetch. She was the most amazing dog I have ever met full of love and adoration. She taught me to never give up. Even when the body fails, the spirit keeps going. Although heartbreaking, the time I spent with Precious was the most fulfilling experience I’ve ever had and I miss her with every passing day. I’ve included a picture of her hamming it up in the mud on one of our hikes.
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INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
Author: U.S. Government
Year: 1830
[This was the Jackson-era legislation authorizing the president to transfer Eastern Indian tribes to the western territories promised (falsely) "in perpetuity". The actual relocation culminated in the 1838 "Trail of Tears" forced march, one of the most shameful occurrences in the history of federal domestic policy.]
CHAP. CXLVIII.--An Act to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That it shall and may be lawful for the President of the United States to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States, west of the river Mississippi, not included in any state or organized territory, and to which the Indian title has been extinguished, as he may judge necessary, to be divided into a suitable number of districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of Indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they now reside, and remove there; and to cause each of said districts to be so described by natural or artificial marks, as to be easily distinguished from every other.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to exchange any or all of such districts, so to be laid off and described, with any tribe or nation within the limits of any of the states or territories, and with which the United States have existing treaties, for the whole or any part or portion of the territory claimed and occupied by such tribe or nation, within the bounds of any one or more of the states or territories, where the land claimed and occupied by the Indians, is owned by the United States, or the United States are bound to the state within which it lies to extinguish the Indian claim thereto.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That in the making of any such exchange or exchanges, it shall and may be lawful for the President solemnly to assure the tribe or nation with which the exchange is made, that the United States will forever secure and guaranty to them, and their heirs or successors, the country so exchanged with them; and if they prefer it, that the United States will cause a patent or grant to be made and executed to them for the same: Provided always, That such lands shall revert to the United States, if the Indians become extinct, or abandon the same.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That if, upon any of the lands now occupied by the Indians, and to be exchanged for, there should be such improvements as add value to the land claimed by any individual or individuals of such tribes or nations, it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such value to be ascertained by appraisement or otherwise, and to cause such ascertained value to be paid to the person or persons rightfully claiming such improvements. And upon the payment of such valuation, the improvements so valued and paid for, shall pass to the United States, and possession shall not afterwards be permitted to any of the same tribe.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That upon the making of any such exchange as is contemplated by this act, it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such aid and assistance to be furnished to the emigrants as may be necessary and proper to enable them to remove to, and settle in, the country for which they may have exchanged; and also, to give them such aid and assistance as may be necessary for their support and subsistence for the first year after their removal.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such tribe or nation to be protected, at their new residence, against all interruption or disturbance from any other tribe or nation of Indians, or from any other person or persons whatever.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to have the same superintendence and care over any tribe or nation in the country to which they may remove, as contemplated by this act, that he is now authorized to have over them at their present places of residence.
— with Dawn Severight, Elwood Glenn Benton, Yah's Servent Tsaphah Daviyd, Sandra IndianTwospirit Druba, Sawe AniWaya RoundHead, Cathy Leonard, Rebecca Taken Alive, AleXander Madrigal, Paulino Valenzuela, Silke Löber, Judy Hunt,John Toh Tah Veacock, Hawk Storm, Chris Mills and Sarah Seenie Muldoon.Author: U.S. Government
Year: 1830
[This was the Jackson-era legislation authorizing the president to transfer Eastern Indian tribes to the western territories promised (falsely) "in perpetuity". The actual relocation culminated in the 1838 "Trail of Tears" forced march, one of the most shameful occurrences in the history of federal domestic policy.]
CHAP. CXLVIII.--An Act to provide for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the river Mississippi.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That it shall and may be lawful for the President of the United States to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States, west of the river Mississippi, not included in any state or organized territory, and to which the Indian title has been extinguished, as he may judge necessary, to be divided into a suitable number of districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of Indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they now reside, and remove there; and to cause each of said districts to be so described by natural or artificial marks, as to be easily distinguished from every other.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to exchange any or all of such districts, so to be laid off and described, with any tribe or nation within the limits of any of the states or territories, and with which the United States have existing treaties, for the whole or any part or portion of the territory claimed and occupied by such tribe or nation, within the bounds of any one or more of the states or territories, where the land claimed and occupied by the Indians, is owned by the United States, or the United States are bound to the state within which it lies to extinguish the Indian claim thereto.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That in the making of any such exchange or exchanges, it shall and may be lawful for the President solemnly to assure the tribe or nation with which the exchange is made, that the United States will forever secure and guaranty to them, and their heirs or successors, the country so exchanged with them; and if they prefer it, that the United States will cause a patent or grant to be made and executed to them for the same: Provided always, That such lands shall revert to the United States, if the Indians become extinct, or abandon the same.
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted, That if, upon any of the lands now occupied by the Indians, and to be exchanged for, there should be such improvements as add value to the land claimed by any individual or individuals of such tribes or nations, it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such value to be ascertained by appraisement or otherwise, and to cause such ascertained value to be paid to the person or persons rightfully claiming such improvements. And upon the payment of such valuation, the improvements so valued and paid for, shall pass to the United States, and possession shall not afterwards be permitted to any of the same tribe.
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That upon the making of any such exchange as is contemplated by this act, it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such aid and assistance to be furnished to the emigrants as may be necessary and proper to enable them to remove to, and settle in, the country for which they may have exchanged; and also, to give them such aid and assistance as may be necessary for their support and subsistence for the first year after their removal.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to cause such tribe or nation to be protected, at their new residence, against all interruption or disturbance from any other tribe or nation of Indians, or from any other person or persons whatever.
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the President to have the same superintendence and care over any tribe or nation in the country to which they may remove, as contemplated by this act, that he is now authorized to have over them at their present places of residence.
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